Looks like it might be your Cable.
 
Information about your Computer will allow members to help you.
This info will really help other Forum Members to help you.
 
Computer Case:
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Is Bios Current Yes or No.
 
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Good the hear "PC also seems fine now"

I have only seen your screen view from a bad cable.
How old is your Cable and what Version of the Cable is it?
http://www.displayport.org/faq/
You do need a DisplayPort 1.4 Cable for your GTX 1080 Graphics Card.

It's driver related. If it happens again use DDU to remove the old drivers and cobwebs, then do a fresh driver install.

Vustom
I included a link to the Minidump file in the thread. If someone knows how to use it to find the cause of the BSOD that'd be nice as I have no idea.

Here's the minidump analysis: pastebin.com/DSNnNEvX
 
From what I can see, the BSOD was caused by nvlddmkm.sys (NVIDIA Windows Kernel Mode Driver).
 
 
I recommend that you install the latest driver from NVIDIA's website, and choose the clean install option.
 

Looked at your dump file. An access violation occurred when trying to access the nvlddmkm.sys file. I'd recommend checking your ram/hdd for errors.

Windows checkdisk is one utility for the drive - it's built into Windows, just right click the drive, go to properties, go to tools, select check, then scan the drive (may require a reboot).
 
There's also opening up command prompt as Admin, and typing in "sfc /scannow" then press enter. That will check if any Windows files have corruption and fix them.
 
Memtest86 for the RAM. It's a tool that you burn to disc (or flashdrive, but that's more complicated I think) and boot from to test the RAM.

Vustom
I have a Samsung 950 Pro and Corsair Dominator Platinum series RAM, both new. What software should I use to test them?
 
Also, there's a Minidump file for the previous night before this all happened, could someone here check it out and tell me if it's related? I didn't notice anything strange that night, especially around the time the file was created.
 
Here's the Minidump in question: dropbox.com/s/ju8g679chim48sv/100116-8546-01.dmp

Definitely looking like a ram issue with that provided dump file.

Vustom
So this happened again last week but without any BSOD. A restart returned it back to normal. It has yet to happen since the latest NVIDIA driver update 373.06 so I hope that fixed it but time will tell.
 
Could someone take a look at this Minidump file from tonight? dropbox.com/s/gqspmpqsnryaxdi/101216-19921-01.dmp
 
Windows became unresponsive, apps wouldn't open, Task Manager wouldn't open, Start Menu wouldn't open. Right clicking the desktop worked but couldn't open Display settings or anything like that and my PC stats were still showing up on the desktop.
 
Something is definitely wrong, I'm just not sure what.

Your latest dump isn't point to anything new. Have you disabled hibernation & check your ram/hdd for errors?