Getting a CPU Overtemp warning within 30 seconds just drips of an improperly mounted pump/cold plate..Make sure you're using the right mounting standoffs and the right pump bracket for socket 1151.
 
Connect the AIO's "Motherboard" connector to the AIO_PUMP header on the mobo..Connect the fans to the AIO's fan connectors..Check in the BIOS Q-Fan Control settings that the AIO_PUMP header is set to run at 100%..You can set the header to "DC Mode" for 3-wire pumps/fans..Also set the CPU_FAN headers to "Ignore" so it doesn't cough up a "No CPU Fan Detected" error and halt right there when no fan is connected.
 
In the BIOS -> Monitor section you will also see the real-time CPU temp along with Q-Fan Control.

Use the EVGA Flow Control Software (Other Products tab -> Closed Loop Coolers) for pump/fan control.
 
EVGA Closed Loop CPU Cooler (CLC) Installation and Overview
 
 
 

First of all thank you for the quick response. I really appreciate it. 
 
Last night I took the heatsink off and It looked as though it was making good contact with the CPU due to thermal paste being on both surfaces. Triple checked and I'm using the proper mounts and bracket, I tightened the screws in the order specified by the manual. Connected everything as you specified and powered up. The CPU overtemp warning is gone on the initial screen but it's still getting way too hot. I let it get to ~75C at idle before shutting down, total run time wasn't longer than 1 minute.
A couple observations:
1. Due to my case size, the plastic mounting bracket on the back side of the motherboard is pressing up against the case itself. I'm wondering if that is causing the heat sink to be misaligned. 
2. When I was looking through the bios in Q-Fan control AIO PUMP and W PUMP+ were disabled. I enabled them both and turned them to DC mode which allowed me to create curves in the control settings. I placed both of them at 100% duty cycle and the temperature still went up.
3. Also, just to make sure the pump headers were working I connected fans to each one and they worked fine.
 
I'm currently not running windows so I cant install any drivers or software at the moment. Starting to wonder if the pump on the waterblock is dead.

pixelcowboy
I had the same problem and there was something wrong and I had to RMA it.

Was the problem solved with the replacement?

pixelcowboy
Well. Sort of. I didn't want to wait for the RMA so I bought another EVGA CLC while I was waiting for it. And it just worked. I've gotten the replacement now (it's new in box) and I'm trying to sell it. 

I feel that. How long did the RMA process take? I'm debating just going air cooled.

pixelcowboy
It was super fast even though I'm in Canada, so I do regret not having waited. I did use the opportunity to upgrade from a 240 to a 280mm. Since there was the possibility that they would deny it and that it could take a long time I took the opportunity, but I should have trusted EVGA. Now I have an extra cooler that I need to sell ;)

Thats good news. First pass at EVGA support and they just mentioned some of the basic things already said here in the chat. Ordered a Noctua air cooler. If I cant figure anything out I might just make the switch, losing some cool factor but at least my system will function.