I was going to say power supply.
Then I saw your picture. Definitely power supply (indirectly).
Then you said that when it shuts down, you have to wait 5 minutes before it will turn back on.
Again, power supply (indirectly).
Do you know what was wrong? Not the power supply.
What was wrong: airflow.
Look how you had the power supply installed! It has no airflow! It was overheating, turning off, and wouldn't turn back on until it cooled back down.
Your new power supply will have the same problem if you made the same airflow mistake.
Dude, what in the world!?!
There was nothing wrong with your power supply. Do NOT put it on the list of power supplies which are supposedly suspect of having 3080 transient response issues.
You had the fan facing up into a piece of metal rather than turning the power supply over and letting it get fresh air from the hole in the bottom of your case which is specifically designed for that purpose.