Yes, it looks like AMD users are some kind of problem childs. But I couldn't leave it like that
and spent some more time digging deeper into it.
It works.
Several Bluescreens and many "Audio init errors" later, my control panel works after login to windows.
What I did in my last steps was to clear everything up, disable security software, extract the
contents of the setup with 7-zip and run separately the extracted ASM-Setup, rebootet, startet
the extracted Nu Audio setup, rebootet and lastly ran the actual downloaded setup again (twice I think).
Control panel works
Teamspeak works
Mic has still to be set once to "listen to" in Windows sound control panel like on the the screenshot.