So yesterday I installed a new liquid cooling system, believing that it was my heat sink that broke in my computer. Well... it still won't boot. All of the fans spin, the liquid cooling pumps, my two graphics cards look like they're running fine...
 
By accident (because I had to move my motherboard), I had the power to the motherboard unplugged and found this:
 

 
I can't tell how much damage the motherboard has sustained:
 

 
And here's the boot code:
 

 
So even the post-op code can't even create a full letter. Looks like some sort of Fuþark. I have to buy a new power supply regardless because of this short; should I bother staying hopeful and plug the new power supply into this motherboard, or go straight to buying both?

I would personally consider both replacements. The PSU I believe is a definite loss. If you have another PSU you can try it of course to see if the motherboard still works. I hope that it will not be damaged.

What dose the 8-Pin connectors look like?

I knew I would have to buy a new power supply, so I went ahead and bought one. I didn't need to worry about trying the new PSU because no connector will fit! The 10th pin is thoroughly melted into the motherboard. I tried an RMA with Xion, but they said that their power supplies are only on warranty for a year. I know who I'll never be buying from again.
 
And good news! I successfully RMA'ed the motherboard. It will be here this week. My system is now a majority EVGA and Corsair lol. Thanks for the input everyone.

So I RMA'ed my motherboard, and got my new one today! Sadly, there are some problems with this new motherboard, that might come down to my parts damaged by the last motherboard. I'm not sure yet. When I press CTRL+ALT+DELETE while the motherboard is booting, it goes into an infinite POST code loop:
 
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rjlo2ywyCHg
 
This is a video of the entire computer during this loop:
 
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Llol5SPkoLc
 
I am trying to boot up and run Ubuntu from disk before plugging my hard drives back into this new motherboard. So far, all it's done is freeze and then enter this POST code loop. The only way to stop it is to flip the power switch on the back of the computer. Holding down the power button does nothing.
 
If it matters, here is the new liquid cooling rig I installed on my CPU:
 
http://www.amazon.com/Corsair-Series-Extreme-Performance-Liquid/dp/B009ZN2NH6
 
I tried to install it on my old motherboard, but obviously I had to wipe off the thermal paste after realizing it doesn't work. I tinted both my heat sink and processor with Céramique:
 
http://www.arcticsilver.com/ceramique.htm
 
And installed my new power supply, the Corsair RM1000:
 
http://www.amazon.com/Cor...1&keywords=RM+1000

Otherwise I have my EVGA NVIDIA GeForce 580 Superclocked as a graphics card, and my Blu-ray drive plugged in while I try to get a copy of Ubuntu 14.04 to boot. So far, it has just frozen after selecting "Try Ubuntu" and entered the infinite POST code loop I mentioned above. If anyone has any ideas, I'd be more than happy enough to hear them.